Tarana Mammadova, head of department of Sanatorium-Spa Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health, physician-physiotherapist: Physiotherapy is an important procedure in the recovery process of the body after a number of diseases and is a means of prevention.

- As you know, September 8 is World Physiotherapy Day. Mrs. Tarana, could you give a brief information about the history of the International Day...

- In September 1951, the International Confederation of Physiotherapy was established in Copenhagen in order to increase the level of awareness of health care and its protection among the world population.
In 1996, the World Confederation of Physical Therapy took the initiative to mark that day as World Physiotherapy Day.

- Which diseases are treated with physiotherapy?

- Physiotherapy is an indispensable field of medicine in modern times. Physiotherapy is a treatment and prevention tool that plays an important role in the recovery process of the body after serious diseases, and also helps to protect against the exacerbation of various diseases.
Physiotherapy involves the use of solar spectrum, electrowaves, magnetic and ultrasound waves from various devices. At the same time, physiotherapy is used in the treatment of various diseases. These diseases include diseases of digestive organs, nervous system, respiratory, gynecological, urological, surgical, joint diseases, etc. diseases are concerned.

- Doctor, is physiotherapy treatment applied during muscle spasm?

- Myasthenia gravis refers to muscle spasm. Myasthenia gravis is a chronic progressive disease characterized by laxity of striated muscles as a result of impaired neuromuscular transmission of autoimmune origin.
Physiotherapy treatment is applied in the mild form of the disease and for the purpose of relatively restoring general strengthening neuromuscular permeability.
Physiotherapy procedures include:
• electrophoresis (proserin, vitamin B1);
• UVB (ultraviolet rays);
• hydrotherapy (pearl bath);
• MBT (therapeutic physical training).

- Physiotherapy treatment of which diseases saves the patient from surgical intervention?

- Conducting physiotherapy using non-invasive methods indicates its advantage. With this method of treatment, it is possible to directly affect the pathological process area by prolonging the period of remission of chronic diseases.
After a course of physiotherapy, the effect of treatment remains not only long-term (1-6 months), but even longer.
If many diseases are addressed in the initial period, there is no need for surgical intervention and the possibility of recovery with physiotherapy increases.
One of the most common diseases at present is intervertebral disc bulging and herniation. The location of a small intervertebral disc herniation can be foraminal, that is, in the holes where the nerve exits from the vessels. This is also observed with acute pain. In such cases, surgical intervention is recommended for the patient.

- In which age range is bone health more important in children and adolescents? What should be paid attention to in nutrition in this age range?

- Bone mineralized as a result of precipitation of calcium and phosphate salts creates its structural strength. Mineralization of 1/3 of the bone in the fetus occurs intrauterinely in the third month of pregnancy.
From birth to adulthood (on average, up to 12.5 years for girls and 14 years for boys), the bone mineral content increases 40 times. At the age of 18, bone mass increases by about 90%. Bone health is very important for overall health.
Regular physical exercises, balanced diet, rejection of harmful habits:
• as a support for the body, it ensures its mobility;
• acts as the main mineral deposit;
• even in adults, the bone does not stop its development. Most adults' skeletons regenerate every 10 years.
Parents are advised to instill in children an understanding of personal hygiene rules. At the same time, children should regularly walk outdoors. Thus, 90% of vitamin D in the human body is synthesized under the skin under the influence of sunlight. If the skin does not get sunlight, then the production of vitamin D is weak.
The main nutrients that contribute to bone strength and structure include:
• foods rich in calcium. Products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese are excellent sources of calcium that help with bone strength and structure;
• Nuts and hazelnut products contribute to the strength of bones;
• it is very useful to use ground chia seeds, flax, pumpkin, sesame seeds;
• among vegetables, broccoli, cabbage and spinach are considered the best types of food;
• legumes are the best nutritious plant food for bones;
• fish species are rich in vitamin D.

- Some patients do various sports exercises at home without a doctor's appointment. What diseases or ailments should be avoided?

- I want to note that there are movements in yoga, pilates and fitness programs that are not recommended for inexperienced people. Unfortunately, in most cases, people consult a doctor only in case of acute pain.
Sports is a form of therapy, but sports should be planned individually. In particular, it is recommended to be more careful in diseases of the musculoskeletal system (scoliosis, kyphosis, intervertebral disc herniation).